Showing posts with label how. Show all posts
Showing posts with label how. Show all posts
Saturday, March 8, 2014
Beyond the Border How to Use Perennials and Grasses in Landscape Settings
Of all the plants I frequently obsess about, herbaceous perennials and grasses are perhaps my favorite. Of all the plant categories, they are the most ephemeral, dynamic plants. One can mark the seasons with these plants; they are harbingers of change. And as a designer, perennials and grasses are the most expressive plants within my palette. Rich layers of bold perennial massings can express a site in powerful ways.
| The British border |
When it comes to designing with perennials and grasses, however, we have a limited language for their use. The perennial border—an intricately arranged, delicate frame of flowers—is really the only concept we have for their use. And while borders can be beautiful, they have limitations. They are generally high maintenance, fussy, and require a high degree of horticultural knowledge. As a result, American gardeners and landscapers are often hesitant to use perennials and grasses because we associate them with British-styled borders. But it does not have to be this way.
Let me propose an alternative. Instead of limiting our landscapes to two distinctly British genres (the manor lawn and the perennial border), let us take the border and explode it out of its box. Let’s blanket our landscapes in bold massings of perennials and grasses. Let’s convert our wall-to-wall carpeting lawns into well-proportioned area rugs surrounded by perennials and grasses. Let’s drape office parks and civic landscapes in vibrant tapestries of flowers, ferns, and sedges.
The American landscape—from the great forests of the East Coast, the iconic prairies of the midland, and the mountains, deserts, and forests of the West—should be ample inspiration for a new, distinctly American garden aesthetic. Like the American landscape, let us use no small gestures. Let us draw on our country’s rich native palette and patterns and distill them into artful, garden spaces. The New Style will not merely imitate our natural landscapes, but interpret them into uniquely modern, human landscapes.
| Over an acre of herbaceous plantings added in the right of way in downtown D.C. Designed for NOMA BID by Thomas Rainer, Derrick Wolbaum, & Elliot Rhodeside, Rhodeside & Harwell. |
Ok, Thomas, enough with the manifesto. Is it really practical to use herbaceous plants on such a scale? Won’t planting huge swaths of perennials and grasses require an enormous effort of weeding, watering, and gardening?
The short answer is yes in the short term, but in the long term, this style of planting can be very low maintenance—even less maintenance than lawn and shrubs. The key to successfully planting large scale perennials and grasses is to combine good plant selection with smart massing.
In the next couple of posts, I’ll get into the nitty-gritty of how to select perennials and grasses for landscape settings. What types of perennials and grasses are best for larger massings? How do you arrange them in a way to minimize their maintenance? How do you make these landscapes full, beautiful, and lasting? Stay tuned . . . I’m giving away all the secrets . . .
Monday, March 3, 2014
How a Frenchman became Americas Hottest Landscape Architect A Focus on Michel Desvigne
Desvigne’s recent U.S. work includes the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis (with architects Herzog & de Meuron), the Dallas Center for the Performing Arts (with architects Norman Foster and REX/OMA), and the St. Louis Art Museum (with architect David Chipperfield).
Desvigne owes much of his recent success to his association with European starchitects such as Norman Foster, Rem Koolhaas, Renzo Piano, Herzog and de Meuron, and Jean Nouvel. Cities across the globe are turning to these celebrity architects to revive neglected urban areas by creating sensational cultural buildings. When cities want an architectural adrenaline shot—what Gehry did for Bilbao, Spain—then Desvigne is often the corresponding landscape architect.
The irony is that Desvigne’s designs are anything but iconic. “Having reached what one architecture critic described as the midpoint in my career, I feel I have nothing to show,” describes Desvigne in the introduction to his book Intermediate Natures: The Landscapes of Michel Desvigne. He continues, “Or at least nothing that resembles the seductive images in architecture books.”
Perhaps it is precisely because Desvigne’s work resists formal composition and design stylization that makes him so compatible with celebrity architects. His landscapes are a field to their objects, a living fabric that knits together the architectural pieces. In Dallas, Desvigne’s ten acre Sammons Park offers a green foil to the complex of opera houses, theaters, and ampitheaters that sprawl over the loosely defined district. The park is rather minimal in its design and detail. Blocks of lawn combine with strips of concrete, and the young trees and “micro-gardens” give the landscape an in-the-works feeling. “He has a fascination with the unfinished,” says American landscape architect James Corner. “He does not seem at all bothered that a landscape architectural project may appear raw, young, still-in-development.” Corner and Desvigne are transatlantic intellectual allies. Both landscape architects share similar conceptual approaches that eschew form-making and embrace agriculture as a metaphor for urban intervention.
Perhaps Desvigne’s interest in agricultural landscapes is the key to understanding his work. Agricultural sites differ from scenic landscapes in the fact that they are working and ever-changing landscapes. In the agricultural setting, people work the land and dwell in it, a pragmatic model Desvigne considers appropriate for urban sites. The landscape is not a static object to be looked upon, but a field in which we dwell. “I like poplar groves, orchards, artificially planted forests,” describes Desvigne, “I like to perceive these spaces whose conventional order is forgotten so that they are only densities, variations on density. Neither full nor empty, these squared spaces are sieves of a sort, where paradoxically life moves in—traps for an intermediate nature.” (Image below Keio University, Tokyo).
The influence of agriculture—or more broadly geography—is seen more literally in his design for the Millennium Park in London. The site was a former gasworks that required radical decontamination efforts that leveled the site and created a tabula rasa. Desvigne rejected the idea of creating a large urban park with predictable lawns, playgrounds, and natural areas. Instead, he advocated for the creation of an “intermediate landscape” to give texture and density to the formless site. Inspired by images of aerial photos of alluvial forests, Desvigne called for more than twelve thousand native hornbeam trees and over one hundred thousand shrubs to be densely planted in a grid with clearings indicated for future park activities. The design created a flexible framework for future development that considered the park’s evolution through time.
This process based approach is a hallmark of Desvigne’s work. It gives his work a quality of anticipation and possibility. “I think it is important to hold out against clichés, to play with the multitude, with the successions,” writes Desvigne, “There is no ‘beautiful’ image, nor should there be, except by accident.”
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